The Call For Rehabilitation Health And Social Care Essay

This paper will turn to issues that call for rehabilitation. The issues include ; Drug maltreatment, street households, political instability, sexual issues, societal relationships fiscal issues, Death, Crime, old age, National calamities terminal unwellness and accident. We will further discourse the causes, effects and give necessary redresss.2.0 ISSUES THAT ARISE IN REHABILITATION2.1 Drug abuse/ substance maltreatment drugs are substances whether in signifier of drink, nutrient, medical specialty, fume, injection pulverization or exhausts which when taken into the organic structure through the oral cavity, nose or clamber, upset the biochemical system ( working ) of the organic structure and particularly the nervous system. Examples of normally abused drugs include stimulations, Sedatives, Hallucinogens inhalants, steroids and narcotics. Stimulations are drugs that affect the nervous system and distribute up the operation of the encephalon. These are drugs like miraa, bhang and cocaine, the stimulating consequence make the user experience good and alarm? Sedatives are drugs that act on the cardinal nervous system. They are used as depressants. They cut down tenseness and hearten up the user. Example of sedatives includes intoxicant, opium ( bhang ) and heroine. Hallucinogens are drugs which cause hallucinations that is hearing or seeking something that does non be. Example of this drugs is Marijuana. Inhalants are drugs inhaled by users for illustration gum, methylbenzene, gasoline, butane and snuff. Narcotics are drugs that affect temper or behavior for illustration heroine, cocaine and morphia. Peoples who are addicted to utilize of these drugs may demo the undermentioned marks ; aggression, anxiousness, depression deficiency of coordination and concentration, increased blood force per unit area and bosom rate, deficiency of appetite restlessness, loss of memory and damage in larning. Low self- regard and Loss of assurance, musculus hurting and tummy spasms.2.2 Street householdsStreet households are yet another issue which arises in rehabilitation. The province of stateless kids particularly in urban subsiding is high. This is because of dislocation in household support systems and difficult economic state of affairss. Street kids in Kenya are referred to as â€Å" Chokora ‘ . They live in little groups and are ever whiffing gum, and frequently perceived as unsafe. Due to miss of attention and counsel, some of them grow to go difficult nucleus felons, drugs pedlars and hire for slaying ‘ packs. They are hopeless and this has a negative impact on a kid ‘s physical, educational and emotional development. The kid ‘s life lacks continuity, privateness, consistence cleanliness, permanence and belonging. This finally consequences in unacceptable behaviors such as moving low, combat, restlessness, depression and low defeat tolerance. Most street kids are normally ill-fed and may demo delayed development and physical jobs. They are likely to endure from anxiousness, may be abused physically or psychologically such kids do non travel to school and when they do, they are normally marginalized by fellow pupils and instructors due to their idiosyncrasies therefore need for rehabilitation.2.3 Political instabilityThis refers to state of affairss that arise as a consequence of discord between different categories of persons in society. This besides consequences from inappropriate political policies, clime alteration, nutrient deficit, population detonation every bit good as inordinate dependence on external trade. Political instability can ensue from a famine state of affairs. This arises from drouth or devastation of harvests by disease and animate beings which will ensue to people endeavoring for the barely available 1s therefore political instability. Tribalism and nepotism. This refers to a state of affairs where a individual uses influence or place to prefer people from his folk or kin in public place. This leads to discontentment that causes discord. It can besides originate from unjust allotment of national resources. Corruptness and misdemeanor of human rights. This is experienced when persons get involved in peculation, greed for power unemployment. Greediness for power particularly causes civil discord.2.4 Sexual Related issuesThe sexual related issues come in different signifiers. They include ; Sexual torment. This consequences from single who molest particularly misss or female gender sexually. Incest: This is a instance of relations acquiring involved in sexual intercourse which may originate from sexual mental instability or even usage of drugs. Sexual add-on that consequences from either moral eroding or influence of drugs that arouse one ‘s emotional and physical strengths towards sex.2.5 Terminal unwellness.Terminal unwellness may come in different ways. These will include malignant neoplastic disease, bosom and kidney jobs, HIV/Aids, physical damage. These consequences from the undermentioned facets. Inheritance: the familial factors may do such diseases as blood malignant neoplastic disease. They may do lasting cicatrixs in persons may necessitate guidance. Accident: these may besides do lameness an person will hold to populate with. Deformity of the organic structure or even being a beginning of a bodily disease people requires encouragement in such incidences.Domestic force and physical maltreatment.The cause of force are on the rise whether domestic or group. Peoples have been affected emotionally due to this. Domestic workers are the major victims which are widening to adult females and kids. Such victims require that they get involved in rehabilitation to minimise the effects originating from them.2.6 Condemnable instancesThis is a by and large agreeable aberrant behavior in society. They range from burglary, carjacking. They are caused by the undermentioned factors ; Deprived vicinity. Economically destitute vicinity may engender condemnable heads. They seem to envy and seek to steal in order to have. Peer group influence: This normally consequences from persons who have been involved in offenses enticing their closest brothers. Lack of religion in an person ‘s abilities and believing plenty in one ‘s internal arm. These include logic and ground. Lack of love. This consequences from persons raised in dysfunctional households, disadvantaged background, a feeling of favoritism. A combination of all these impel an person to affect in offense. Lack of parental control, supervising and monitoring. Parents who do non supervise the tendency and behavior of their kids and up in condemnable universe. Poverty: society has indoctrinated us to believe in the position of wealth as a step of success. Lack of it or as people want more and more can take to offense when acquiring them is difficult therefore a short cut of stealing is the best. Poor judgement: deficiency of proper instruction and great existent theoretical accounts leads to persons non cognizing the right from incorrect largely, offenses do non look to make anything incorrect from their point of position but it is right.2.7 Financial related issues.Finance normally contributes to success of persons in life. Lack of it can besides do serious effects. Financial issues may lift from ; Loss of a occupation. When an single loses a occupation and if it is the lone beginning of income leads to a serious favoritism in life. This calls for rehabilitation guidance. Collapse of concern: this can besides be beginning of defeat in life particularly if it is the lone beginning of income. Unemployment. Many alumnuss leave with high expectancies of geting a occupation instantly. If it is non realized, it has serious reverse in life. This calls for the rehabilitation. Embezzlement. This can originate from overspending money particularly when it is at that place non retrieving that tomorrow it at that place. When it misses it through persons into entire confusions. Health measures: persons with really immense medical measures end up disbursement to the last penny of it go forthing nil at manus. If by bad deficiency persons ( the sick ) base on balls on, foliages on them non merely the decease cicatrix but besides earnestly strained in fundss.2.8 DeathThe incident of this nature can convey out sorrowful incidences in the household of believed 1s. This will accordingly name for rehabilitation guidance. Death is caused by the undermentioned facets ‘Illness: persons can be sick which eventually causes decease.Accidents: when people are involved in an accident they will either be injured or decease immediately or thenceforth. It may be route accident, accidents that involve machines. Drug maltreatment: the substance maltreatment may besides do decease. This means the overdose of drugs. The nuts besides portion centers for shooting drugs such as cocaine into the blood system. Some are infected with HIV/AIDS which may be transmitted. Due to hapless or even distressing conditions that this people live under they so die. Death can besides be caused by homicides, race murders or self-destructions.2.9 Natural catastrophesThese are events that occur and are beyond human control. They include drought, temblors, epidemics, inundations storms. They normally leave behind a batch of desolations. Peoples die, belongingss are destroyed or even paralysing the economic system. In the event that they occur, so single victims require to be rehabilitated in order to get by with world.2.10 Ages:Persons who have advanced in age may be given to experience so bare and abandoned. Some complication may attach to age such as ocular and hearing damages. This may necessitate to be addressed and the lone manner they can be made is through rehabilitation guidance.EFFECTS EMERGING FROM THE ABOVE ISSUESEmerging from the above would be several effects. They include ; Mental unwellness: The unwellness can originate from substance maltreatment that may be irriversable. This is why it calls for rehabilitation. The street households will besides impart to petty offenses in the streets where they dwell. They to a really big extent involve in this as a manner of gaining their life. They besides dirtily the streets. Political instability lead: to internally displaced persons. It besides mains and wounds others. They besides lend to belongings devastation. Accidents that lead to decease besides end up traumatising others. They may besides do lefty measures of medical related. Natural catastrophes besides cause devastations, supplanting of people. They may besides take to diseases such as the H2O – borne diseases as cholera Drug maltreatment besides may take to socially dysfunctional societies. Wayward kids, pervert and kids w Ho are morally decayed. A coevals of hopelessness and desperation. Sexual related instances besides cause injury to the colza victims. They feel affected in the actions and the cicatrix is about lasting.REMEDIES TO THE ISSUESThe above mentioned issues necessitate to be tackled so as to control them in society. The following are the proposed redresss for issues ; In the instance of political instability there is demand for transmutation aims including ego sufficiency in nutrient production, poorness decrease, and sustainable growing in all sectors. It besides requires authorising of people through the basic entree to basic production particularly the land, capital, and creative activity of employment chances for the young person. There should be a form of wealth distribution to all topographic points. Guidance and guidance besides should be at the Centre for the above. The instances that are already at the extreme and require that they need to be rehabilitated to convey them back to usually. Some catastrophes which are related by adult male such as the environmental debasement demand to be addressed and environmental preservation. This will keep cut down facets such as drouth so controling dearth. The rehabilitation centres to be established through out the state. This will assist reconstruct persons who have be en affected and are beyond counsel and reding degree. They need to be good equipped with the installations and forces who are good trained to assist the victims stabilize socially emotionally, physically and even spiritually. Capacity edifice is another facet to be enhanced. This will assist make consciousness in the society as whole on the ways of forestalling the issues such as substance maltreatment, sexual related 1s every bit good as the accommodation of persons to occupation loss, retirement, convulsion unwellness every bit good as promotion in age. It will besides affect esthesis of persons on how to cover with them merely in instance they arise. Capacity edifice will besides assist persons to cognize the nature of side effects when for case people abuse the substance or drugs. Legislation. The Torahs sing the wrongdoers need to be more rigorous in order to populate people from acquiring involved in such instances as the drug cyberspace mob where they sell them to the young persons in the metropoliss, small towns and larning establishments. It will besides assist to control junior-grade offenses in the society if good utilised. Authorization. All people should be empowered through wealth creative activity methodological analysiss. The young person should be initiated into authorization chances which will prosecute them in order to avoid their engagement of either in the junior-grade offenses or 500 carpet maltreatment. This will besides do them see ground in development instead than devastation. Environmental issues that end up doing instances such as drouth ensuing to famine ought to be addressed through environmental preservation. Peoples should be sharply be involved in the procedure of tree planting, waste direction in the instance of towns every bit good as the saving of the natural wood. Dearth can besides be utilized with good established presentation schemes. This will assist minimise the hungriness related issues The early heating system centres ought to be established in instances where people get involved in amusing or unusual inclinations of drug maltreatment, offense every bit good as political instability. Such centres besides prepare persons merely encase at that place occurs such as those of the natural catastrophes.

Outline the Inequality Problems That Persist in Terms of Pay for Men and Women.

Wikipedia The Equal Pay Act 1970 is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament which prohibits any less favourable treatment between men and women in terms of pay and conditions of employment. It was passed by Parliament in the aftermath of the 1968 Ford sewing machinists strike[1][2][3][4] and came into force on 29 December 1975. The term pay is interpreted in a broad sense to include, on top of wages, things like holidays, pension rights, company perks and some kinds of bonuses. The legislation has been amended on a number of recent occasions to incorporate a simplified approach under European Union law that is common to all member states. Equal pay for women is an issue regarding pay inequality between men and women. It is often introduced into domestic politics in many first world countries as an economic problem that needs governmental intervention via regulation. The Equal Remuneration Convention requires its over 160 states parties to have equal pay for men and women. A report commissioned by the International Trade Union Confederation in 2008 shows that, based on their survey of 63 countries, there is a significant gender pay gap of 15. 6 %. Excluding Bahrain, where a positive gap of 40% is shown (due possibly to very low female participation in paid employment), the global figure is 16. 5%. Women who are engaged in work in the informal economy have not been included in these figures. Overall, throughout the world, the figures for the gender pay gap range from 13% to 23%. The report found that women are often educated equally high as men, or to a higher level but â€Å"higher education of women does not necessarily lead to a smaller pay gap, however, in some cases the gap actually increases with the level of education obtained†. The report also argues that this global gender pay gap is not due to lack of training or expertise on the part of women since â€Å"the pay gap in the European Union member states increases with age, years of service and education†. [4][5] www. employeebenefits. co. uk/item/11642/pg_dtl_art†¦ /pg_ftr_art †¢Under the Equality Act 2010, employers can no longer use secrecy clauses to prevent employees from discussing pay rates. †¢According to figures from the Office of National Statistics, the median gender pay gap for full-time workers in the private sector is 20. %. †¢Employers can identify any pay gap via pay audits and job evaluations. †¢Issues making it difficult for women to get to top jobs should be tackled. Yahoo answers; assume you employ 7 women and 7 men, all the same age, and you pay them all the same wage for the same job.. then 3 of the women tell you that they want to leave, to have a child.. you have to pay them â€Å"maternity leave† and hold their job open, in case they want to return, after they have had their child.. t costs you a fortune to employ 3 other people, and the pregnant women as well.. so, do you pay them the same as a man.. who will not cost you the same even if their wife gets pregnant.. or do you pay the men more, because they will not leave.. or do you just employ men, and then you do not have the problem in the first place !! http://www. tuc. org. uk/equality/tuc-14435-f0. pdf Explaining the gender pay gap There have been a number of studies that have used statistical modelling techniques to explain why we have a gender pay gap. A comparatively recent and very thorough study, using data from the British Household Panel Survey (a large up-to-date survey, that that looks at how people’s lives change over time) explained the gap in terms of four explanations:35 †¢ 36 percent of the gender pay gap could be explained by gender differences in lifetime working patterns, including the fact that women, on average, spend less of their careers than men in full-time jobs, more in part-time jobs and have more interruptions to their careers for childcare and other family responsibilities. 18 percent is caused by labour market rigidities, including gender segregation and the fact that women are more likely work for small firms and less likely to work in unionised firms. †¢ 38 percent is caused by direct discrimination and women and men’s different career preferences and motives (some of which are in turn the result of discrimination). †¢ 8 percent is the result of the fact that older women had poorer educational attainment. Another way of explaining the gaps is to analyse the problem in terms of three broad themes: †¢ Under-valuing of women’s work †¢ An employment penalty for mothers Gender segregation http://assembly. coe. int/documents/workingdocs/doc05/edoc10484. htm C. The wage gap 17. There are several dimensions to the problem of the wage gap: First, there is the classic case of a man and a woman doing exactly the same job (whether in a factory or on the stock market floor), but the woman being paid less for it. This used to be a common problem, especially in Western Europe, and many countries have outlawed this type of wage discrimination – there even exists an ILO Convention designed to eliminate it21, dating back to 1951, as well as a 1975 European Council Directive22. But, as several recent studies conclude, even this type of classic wage discrimination persists in many countries, which prompted the European Commission to issue a (non-binding) â€Å"Code of Practice on the implementation of equal pay for work of equal value of women and men† as recently as 199623. For example, a Eurostat study of 2003 showed that the average earnings of women in full-time employment in the EU (at that time, of 15 member states) stood at only 70-90% of those of men. Similarly, the 2004 UNIFEM study I mentioned in the previous chapter shows that the annual average earnings of women in the year 2000 stood at 73. 28% of men’s in the Czech Republic, 79. 96% in Poland, 75. 01% in Slovakia and 88. 82% in Slovenia24. 18. Second, women are often paid less than men for work of equal value. This type of discrimination is usually based on â€Å"horizontal occupational segregation by sex†. For example, the level of education and experience required to work in a certain job might be the same, but women are paid less (e. . chauffeurs/taxi drivers are usually paid more than cleaners or receptionists). In some countries, wage levels have gone down in certain professions when more and more women enter them (for example, doctors and teachers in Central and Eastern Europe). 2002 data cited by Mrs Leitao relating to the average salary of women working full time compared with that of men in the same circumstances show that, in the 18 countries covered by a recent European survey, the average difference, to women's disadvantage, is till approximately 20%, with wage discrimination in the strict sense being estimated at 15%25. Various other international studies have shown that around one-third of the female-male pay differential is due to occupational segregation by sex, and that about 10 to 30% of the gender pay gap remains â€Å"unexplained† – i. e. due to discrimination26. 19. In the Central and Eastern European countries, certain professions have â€Å"gained† the connotation of being feminized as these professions (the above mentioned teachers, nurses etc. are dominated by women. Nevertheless, even these professions are highly segregated – although women account for more than 70% of all teachers, there is proportionally a larger number of men school directors. This is very often the result of a â€Å"reverse action†, when the need for more men in the profession is felt, and thus their pay-ris e and promotion is faster. When we compare it to the situation in politics, where there are more men than women, the society does not feel any similar need. 20. Third, women earn less, on average, than men in their lifetime (and thus also receive smaller pensions when they retire). In addition to the two factors mentioned above, there are several other possible explanations for this phenomenon: Women work less during their lifetime (calculating periods of maternity leave and part-time work) – and women have less of a career, as they are often discriminated against when it comes to promotions to higher-earning posts27: this is usually called â€Å"vertical occupational segregation by sex†. As the ILO points out: â€Å"Women’s lower educational attainments and intermittent career paths are not, contrary to conventional belief, the main reason for gender differentials in pay. Other factors, such as occupational segregation, biased pay structures and job classification systems, and decentralized or weak collective bargaining, appear to be more important determinants of inequalities in pay. †28 21. Apart from women’s lower pensions, it is important to see the tight interrelation of female length of life and feminization of poverty: since women live longer, for some period of their life, they share their pension with their partner; however, when he dies, they are left to live on their pension which is usually much lower than their living standards. One example connected to women’s pensions is pension insurance – as women live longer and although they generally earn less, to attain a final sum similar to men they are expected to pay higher sums for their monthly pension insurance. 2. Furthermore, economic recessions often affect women more than men as far as unemployment is concerned (many companies unfortunately still believe that it is more important to keep a male â€Å"breadwinner† in employment), and women’s needs or the determination to keep on working therefore leads them to accept levels of pay not consonant with the principles of equali ty and fairness or dissuades them from reporting cases of discrimination for fear of losing their jobs. This is why, as Mrs Leitao correctly pointed out, all those involved in combating wage discrimination (bodies promoting equality, labour inspectorates, courts, trade unions, NGOs etc) should step up their capacity to intervene to try and close the wage gap. 23. This issue can be illustrated with an example common to all European countries: when textile companies, which employ mostly women earning very low salaries, were threatened with closure, no major discussions were held about unemployment issues. But as soon as coal and other mines, where male â€Å"breadwinners† worked, were being closed down, those discussions were launched widely. There are a number of barriers to women’s career development – here are a few examples32: – lack of management or line experience; – lack of mentoring and role models for women at the highest levels; – exclusion from informal networks and channels of communication (the â€Å"old boys network† is apparently still going strong in many countries); – stereotyping and preconceptions of women’s roles and abilities, commitment and leadership style; – sexual and moral harassment, bullying and mobbing; – unfriendly corporate culture.

College Student Stress Coping Essay

College students facing academic, social, and other stresses such as finances and how to cope with them. The most common stress most college students face is the stress from the work load that is common in a higher education system. This is the major challenge, and you will be facing without the close guidance you may have previously enjoyed from a teacher or parent; Social stress seems to be more prominent with underclassmen leaving home and there support structure from home but can affect any college student. Most students find that the number one cause of stress for them is financially trying to juggle a full load, and work full time to support yourself and for other students pay for school. Academic stress seems to be what cause the biggest problem for most students. There are some things you can do if you would like to lower your stress level and make student life better. First thing you should do is get the right information from the very beginning. How many lectures, seminars or laboratory sessions are you supposed to be attending? With your assignments make sure you know exactly what you are being asked to do? How many words you’re expected to write and what the deadline is for handing it in. Also try to set up your own space for academic’s to make it easier to focus and concentrate, if you have a noisy roommate try to find a place in the library or even a local coffee shop to frequent. These suggestions will help lower your academics stress which will make life easier for the college student. Social stress for college students is something else that is very common especially in new college students. Most social stress comes from trying to fit it or even trying to create a new social network because in most case’s this is the first time away from home and away from your entire support structure and comfort zone. With social stress one of the most important things to remember is to try and stay involved in different activities at school and get involved with different organizations on campus to meet new people. When getting involved with the organization’s on campus you’ll meet new friends and become more socially outgoing which will help greatly with social stress. Reducing the amount of social stress in college students, will lead to a more enjoyable and positive experience. Financial stress tends to be tohe root of most students problems whether it’s from overspending, lack of proper guidance, peer pressure, inexperience or many other factors. As a result just about everyone is bogged down with large debts increasing day by day. As students many have tried different things to cut down expense but still no luck. There are many ways to help lift the financial stress for college students like taking federal or private loans, grants and scholarships, and working during the summer vacation. By taking federal or private loans you get to choose the best one that is suitable for your need, if you decide to go for a private one then do enough research to make sure you’re not at a loss and end up paying more instead of benefitting from it. Grants and scholarships are another great ideas because these will help lift the burden of some financial stress. When applying for grants and scholarships keep in mind these are offered free by federal organizations for the benefit of students. Make sure to take advantage of the situation but you have to prove worthy for these aids. Getting summer jobs will also help lift some of that financial stress because you can do it in your off time and not stress with studying or school work but catch up and save some money! The best ways for college students to cope with the stress of being away from home, social stress, and financial stress. Academic stress seems to be one of the most common among students. Most college students find that the added freedom of being away from the structure at home and the more difficult classes to be extremely stressful. Just remember try and create your own space for studying with a desk and a quiet place, if you have a noisy roommate find a nice place in the library or a nice local coffee shop to visit. Social stress also seems to be a major problem with college students. Trying to fit in and make new friends after leaving there comfort zone and support structure can be difficult. When starting at college try and get involved in activities to get you out and have a good time. Another great thing to do is get into some organizations to help meet new people and even become more outgoing to make the college experience more fun and less stress. Financial stress seems to be the biggest burden for college students trying to survive on your own and worrying about how you will pay for  school. Remember federal and private loans are a great way to lift stress off you but just do your research and find the one that will work best for your needs. Grants and scholarships are the best thing for most students because they are offered for free from federal organizations but you must prove yourself for these aids Summer jobs are great for students who want to make a little extra cash on the side and lift the stress and worry of college off their mind. B y following some of these tips you are sure to reduce some stress in your everyday college life.

Ruscha Formalist analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ruscha Formalist analysis - Essay Example The logo is coloured in red and orange tones, deferring to realistic lighting effects and shade variations as the colours appear slightly muted towards what is presented as being the logo's foreground. But other elements of the work are strangely inconsistent, perhaps in the interests of theoretical allusion, with what would be expected if the scene were viewed in reality. The eight yellow spotlights inter-crossing each other behind the logo are traditionally seen - when the logo is depicted before movies or on television - to penetrate, cross over and intermingle with the sturdy commercial monolith. In Ruscha's depiction, however, they are shown as being unable to penetrate the white opaque light source that projects the wording, and instead are partially blocked by its presence. The spotlights - supposedly for the purpose of illuminating desired features and drawing the attention of spectators - are feeble in comparison to the generating light force behind the imposing logo. Intrinsic within the marketing insignia itself seems to be an otherworldly, ethereal body of light - white and pure and absolute, while the accompanying spotlights possess a yellow, opacity that fails to lighten the nightscape, nor impinge upon the density of the red/orange hues of the logo. The juxtaposition seems to assert a difference between what is real, what is not real and what is contrived - what is genuine, and what is manufactured - positioned against the backdrop of the movie industry and its many illusions. Stylistically, Ruscha has adopted a rigid assemblage style without mergers - a compositional approach that adds to the artwork's impact with its clear lines and sure geometric delineations. Ruscha - Psychoanalytic analysis Ed Ruscha's Large Trademark with Eight Spotlights (1962) may at first appear to be a cultural snapshot of a piece of recognised movie industry iconography. But within this seemingly simple representation of a familiar symbol lie a plethora of contextualised meaning, sub-meanings and allusions.Within Lacanian psycho-analytic theory, the power of images as vehicles for multiple meaning is central to understanding the creative impulse. According to Kelly Oliver (177):"Lacan establishes a parallel between the figures of metaphor (the substitution ofone term for another, as in 'Juliet is the sun') and metonymy (the substitution of thewhole for the part, and the contiguous relations between chains of signifiers).These are described as the two main axes of language, and they are likened tocondensation and displacement (respectively the condensation of multiplemeanings into a single dream image, and the transfer of libido from one image toanother) . .In other words, for Lacan, the unconscio us is structured like alanguage." Within a Lacanian understanding - Trademark is a potent image reflecting a group consciousness that is interconnected with our own individual identities - and subsequently merging the

Review of the Strategic situation of DeBeer's Essay

Review of the Strategic situation of DeBeer's - Essay Example In view of the emerging challenges, DeBeers had to g back to the drawing board and strategize how it would remain relevant in the market, having lost its monopolistic powers and its market share reduced to 60%. The image of the company had also been tainted for engaging in non-business friendly and illegal practices when it was the market leader as it tried to wade off competition. The company had to change its strategy from a ‘buyer of a last resort’ to a more demand driven strategy that bore in mind the need for a good brand image. A good analysis of this strategy indicates that the company is still going to be a relevant contributor to the industry in the foreseeable future amid the challenges it faces. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page 1 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Body Analysis of business environment 6 Analysis of the Organization’s strategy 8 Appraisal of the strategy 10 Conclusion 10 Reference list 11 Word Count 12 DeBeers’ Diamond Dilemma Introdu ction Natural diamonds are formed as a result of carbon atoms beneath the surface of the earth bonding in to cubic structures due to excess heat and pressure in a very hard transparent compound. With the discovery of diamond deposits in various parts of the world in the 18th and 19th century, extraction process begun leading to the establishment of the diamond industry as one of the biggest economic sectors of most countries with diamond deposits (Hesse, R. W. 2007). Diamonds are heterogeneous minerals and were initially not considered as commodities in the market like other minerals such as copper and gold. Natural diamonds have widely been used in making jewelry and other precious and coveted ornaments. One of the countries naturally endowed with diamond deposits is South Africa. Other countries with huge deposits of diamond include Angola, Botswana, Democratic republic of Congo, Russia, Australia, and Canada. Together, the seven countries account for about 96% of global productio n of diamond and about 88% of the value of diamonds produced. Initially the diamond producing countries would export the rough diamond to other countries for processing (Carlson, 2005). Diamond processing involves cutting and polishing the rough diamonds into precious items. India was the most dominant diamond processing country in the beginning, while the situations has now changed since most of the producing countries now have diamond processing plants locally. DeBeers, a diamond extraction company in South Africa has for a long time been the market leader in the global diamond industry, controlling about 80% of total diamond supplies and produced about 45% of global production of diamonds. As a market leader, DeBeers could control the prices of rough diamonds globally by regulating supply. In a bid to expand its market share, the company engaged in various practices that aimed at killing any competition. So9me of the company’s practices were illegal in other jurisdictions and contributed to creation of a negative image of DeBeers on the global scene. From the early 1990s to date, the position of DeBeers as the market leader has been overtaken due to various factors that led to establishment and growth of other competitors as well as the popularity of synthetic diamonds and the shifting of the diamond market to adopt the demand-supply structure as the main price determinants. The dissolution of the Soviet Union led to

HR Cases Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Cases - Case Study Example As a director, I should not ignore Fred’s frustration as it could pass on to others or have a more detrimental effect on Fred’s performance and/or performance of the team. In order to address Fred’s discontent and attitude, I would first evaluate his performance and provide a feedback about his behavior. I would acknowledge his contribution and appreciate his efforts. Along with Joan, I will chalk out a plan that would include additional responsibilities for Fred which will also help in preparing him for the next level of promotion. This will keep him motivated and focused towards the task. I will chalk out a plan for his future and set expectations along with a performance monitoring process. It is very difficult to retain an employee who has decided to move on. Retention of employees should be an ongoing process by constantly keeping them motivated and having an understanding of their needs and expectations. In the present situation, in order to retain Ezra, I would offer him with additional responsibilities in the managerial cadre which will keep him motivated. I would make a commitment that Ezra’s profile for the next opening in managerial position would definitely be considered. Although the educational aid programs have been very helpful in enhancing the process performance, I feel this program should be provided to employees in recognition of their valuable contribution to the organization for specific period of time. Moreover, a commitment from employees receiving such benefit should be taken which will ensure that the company is recovering its investment. This commitment can be in the form of a contractual agreement or bound by money and/or other benefits provided to the employee. The bank would require attendance details of Wittman and other employees of this department. It would also require the log-in

Hedging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hedging - Essay Example There are various ways in hedge oneself from exchange rate risk by the use of financial derivative products, and a combination of strategies using these products. The three top runners for hedging purposes in exchange rates are Forward Contracts, Futures Contracts and Options. We’ll discuss the strategies which can be formed in each case, and then conclude which strategy would be most suitable for our current scenario. A forward contract or simply a forward is a non-standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed today. The most advantageous feature of a forward contract is that it costs nothing to enter into such an agreement. The difference between the spot and the forward price is the forward premium or forward discount, depending on the swap points of the currency pair involved. Forward contracts are traded over the counter, and are more customized for individual customers. Another feature of a forward contract is that there is no specific margin call mechanism. Since there is no cost of entering into this agreement, margin calls are non-existent in this type of trade. Moreover, it is not regulated by an exchange or clearing house, thus it does not involve the hassles which occur in such cases. However, a forward contract obligates the customer to deliver or take delivery of the underlying asset at the time of maturity. Failure to do so would result in a breach of contractual obligations and can lead to litigation. But we have to keep in mind that there is no guarantee that a customer will honor the contract. In our case, the Virtual Books can enter in to a forward contract to fix a forward price for its imports as well as repatriated profits. In the case of its import, if the forward price is less than the prevalent spot rate on the day of taking up that contract, he will be losing money on the contract. If the spot rate is lower than the agreed forward rate, then it will be gaining on t he contract. In case it’s relatively the same, Virtual Books will no gain nor lose. The reverse case applies for its repatriated profits in which he is selling Euros and receiving GBP. The next alternative in line is Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell a specified asset of standardized quantity and quality at a specified future date at a price agreed today known as the futures price. A futures contract operates in ways similar to a forward contract; however, there are a few differences which make the two distinguishable. First of all, a futures contract is traded on an exchange. They are highly standardized and are backed by a clearing house. Unlike forwards, an initial margin must be put up with the clearing house as a form of collateral. Fluctuations in the price of the underlying asset will reduce or increase the outstanding initial margin of the buyer/seller. Once a minimum threshold has been hit, margin call s are made so as to deposit funds to meet the minimum margin levels. Futures are backed by the clearing house, so in case any party defaults, the other party will still be able to deliver/take delivery of the underlying asset. In the case of Virtual Books, if they enter into a futures agreement, they will go long in Euro Futures which will obligate them to buy EUR against the GBP. In the case of their repatriated profit